Notes Physical Features
Along the Himalayan foothills, there is
a 10 to 15 Km strip in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. This strip has the
deposition of stones, pebbles, gravel and sand brought by the rivers. It is
referred to as Bhabar.
Older alluvium is called as Bhangar
and plain with newer alluvium is called Khadar
Except Sutlaj
all other tributaries of Sindhu are originated in India
Devprayag is a town in Uttarakhand.
It is the point where the Bhagirathi
River and the Alaknanda River join to form the Ganges River.
Bhagirathi is the main stream of Ganga which originates at Gaumukh at the base of Gangotri glacier. The origin of Bhagirathi
is taken as origin of Ganga. Yamuna and
Son rivers join Ganga on its Southern
Bank. are Kosi, Ghangra and Gandak, all originating in Nepal and
joining Ganga on its northern bank. Due to its frequent floods, Kosi River is
known as sorrow of Bihar. Ganga flows past Farakka Barrage, built to divert more
water from Ganga to Hooghly to prevent the Haldia Port from silting. However it
also provides added advantages of providing drinking water for Kolkata, for
irrigation and for generation of electricity. The main channel proceeds to
Bangladesh as the river Padma.
In Arunacal Pradesh,Brhmaputra is known as Dihang. The Brahmaputra has the greatest volume of water of all the rivers
in India
Amarkantak region, the meeting point of the Vindhyas and the Satpuras, also
called Maikal Hills, is where the Narmada,
Sone and
Mahanadi Rivers originate. The Narmada Valley is a graben. In geology, a graben
is a depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults.The
lands that get formed due to movement of earth’s crust are said to be of
Aeolian origin. Thus Narmada valley is of Aeolian origin.
The Western Ghats comprises of Sahyadri, the Nilgiris, the Annamalai and the
Cardamom hills. The average height of the Western Ghats goes on increasing
towards south. From the Western Ghats, the Deccan Plateau gradually slopes away
towards the east to the Bay of Bengal
Creek is a small stream, often a shallow or intermittent
tributary to a river. Sir Creek lies between India and Pakistan in Arabian Sea
along the Gujarat coast.
. The only major river in Rajastan region River Luni
originates in the western slopes of the Aravali range near Ajmer. After flowing
for about 495 km in a southwesterly direction in Rajasthan, the river
disappears in the marshy land of Runn of Kutch.
. The Mandovi River is described as the lifeline of
the state of Goa.
The northern cluster of the Andaman
and Nicobar islands, a group of 204 islands, is called Andaman. The two
active volcano of India are located on the Barren and Narcondam Islands of this
group. This group is divided into North Andaman, Middle Andaman, South Andaman
and Little Andaman. Duncan Passage lies between South Andaman and Little
Andaman.
The southern cluster of 19 islands is known as Nicobar
Islands. Ten Degree Channel separates this from Andaman group. Nicobar is also
divided in Car Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Great nicobar. Sombiero Cannel lies
between Car Nicobar and Little Nicobar.
Mountain Passes
Banihal Pass (2832 m.) is a mountain
pass in the Pir Panjal Range in J&K
Changla Pass (5270 m/17,300 ft.) is a high mountain
pass in Leh, J&K
Jelep La (4267 m/14,300 ft.) is a high mountain
pass between India
and Tibet in
Sikkim.
Nathu La (at 4,310 m /14,140 ft) is a mountain
pass connecting state of Sikkim with the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.. The pass,
forms a part of an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road.
It is one of the three open trading border posts between China and India; the
other two are Shipkila
in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh
(or Lipulech) in Uttarakhand.
Sealed by India after the 1962 Sino-Indian
War, Nathu La was re-opened in 2006 following numerous bilateral trade
agreements
Rohtang Pass (el. 3979 m/13,051 ft), is a high mountain
pass that connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahul
and Spiti valleys of Himachal Pradesh.
Zojila is a high mountain
pass from Srinagar
to Ladakh in India through the
western part of the Himalayan mountains.
Baralacha
Pass At the height of
16400 feet is one of the best trekking passes of Himachal Pradesh, the
Baralacha Pass.
Niti
Pass is a pass in Garhwal, Uttarakhand
connecting India to Tibet
Cities and
Rivers
Agra Yamuna Allahabad Ganga, Yamuna
Ahmedabad Sabarmati Kolkata Hooghly
Cuttak (Orissa) Mahanadi Delhi Yamuna
Guwahati Brahmaputra Hyderabad Musi
Lucknow Gomti Nashik Godavari
Patana Ganaga Srinagar Jhelum
Surat Tapti Tiruchirapalli (TN) Caveri
Vijay wada (AP) Krishna Ayodhya Sarayu
Badrinath Alaknanda
TRIBUTARIES
OF MAJOR RIVERS
Indus
(Sindhu) Zasker, Jhelum, Chenb, Ravi, Beas and
Sutlej
Yamuna Chambal, Ken and Betwa
Ganga Yamuna, Son, Kosi, Ghangra and Gandhak
Bramhaputra Raidak, Sankosh, Amochu, Lohit, Tista, Subansiri and
Dikhow
Godavari Manjra, Penangana, Poranhira, Wardha, Waiganga,
Indravati, Tal, Sabri, Mula and
Pravara.
Krishna Koyna, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Panchganga,
Dudhganga, Tungabhadra
and Musi
Kaveri Bhavani
We are Attaching Pictures for Better Understanding
1 Indian Subcontinents

2. India and Srilanka

3 Physical Division

4. Kashmir Ranges
5 Poorvanchal
6 north-east
7 Rivers of Northern Plains
8 Indian Peninsula
9 India rivers
9 Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers
11 india-rivers-map
12 Godavari-river-map
13 krishna-river-map
14 physical-map Gujarat
15 Sir-Creek-
16 andaman-nicobar-island
17 lakshdweep
Manas-sankosh-tista-ganga
